AP12

Chapter Outline:

12-1 Characteristics of Sound (pg. 322)

Properties of sound RE: Sound
Sound needs a medium to propagate
The source of any sound is a vibrating object
Sound as a longitudinal wave: pressure waves RE: Longitudinal Waves
Speed of sound

12-4 Vibrating Strings and Air Columns (pg. 329)

Vibrations and resonance
Fundamental frequencies, harmonics and overtones
Standing waves on strings under tension
Standing waves in open pipes
Standing waves in closed pipes

Speed of Sound Lab RE: Lab Information

12-5 Quality of Sound and Noise (pg. 334)

Waveforms: the additive nature of sound waves
Timbre or tone color: sound spectra
Noise

12-6 Interference of Sound Waves: Beats (pg. 335)

Relate beats and wave interference RE: Beats
Superposition of multiple waves of varying frequencies
Calculate beat frequencies

12-7 Doppler Effect (pg. 338) RE: Doppler Effect

Changing pitch through movement
A moving source
A moving observer (listener or listening device)
A moving source and observer

12-8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom (pg. 342)

12-9 Applications: Ultrasound (pg. 344)

Medical imaging: the pulse-echo (sonar) technique
Real time movie-like images vs. x-ray motionless pictures
Advantages and limitations of ultrasound
Quality of images and wave intensity
Quality of images and wave frequency